(二)副词
1. 副词通常在句中作状语,修饰动词,形容词,副词,或整个句子。
I usually take sandwiches for my lunch, but now I go to a café. (修饰动词)
He is very honest. (修饰形容词)
She sings quite well. (修饰副词)
Personally, I didn’t approve of the idea. (修饰整个句子)
(三)形容词与副词的比较级:
1) 同级比较
(1)“as十形容词或副词的原级十as”
形容词与副词的同级比较,其肯定式要用“as十形容词或副词的原级十as”;而否定形式要用“not as(so)形容词或副词的原级十as,” 用于表示两个人或事物之间的差别。句子中两个as作用不同,前一个as是副词,含“如此”的意思;后一个as是连词,表示“比”或“如同”的意义。
We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have been taken ten years in the past.
He didn’t do so much preparation for the exam as I did.
John doesn’t work so hard as Henry.
(2) 当同级比较的形容词是same时,前面一般不用as,而要用the, “the same as。”
He said the same at the meeting as he had promised me.
(3) 使用原级比较应注意的问题
当同级比较的形容词跟单数名词连用时,要注意不定冠词的位置: as +形容词+a+单数可数名词+ as
Exercising is as good a way as any to lose unwanted weight.
同级比较前也常用状语just,almost,twice,three times等修饰。状语应放在个as或so之前。
Last year, Matt earned twice as much as his brother, who has a better position.
同级比较结构后面那个 as是个连接词,后面应接省略了某些成分的状语从句。
She is in as good health now as (she was) last year.
We’ll give you as much help as we can(give you).
2) 比较级句型
比较级句型用于表示两个人或事物之间的差别。
(1) 主语十谓语十形容词/副词比较级十(名词)+than十被比对象
或:主语十谓语十more/less十形容词/副词十than十被比对象
Facts speak louder than eloquence.
The new edition of the dictionary is more expensive than the old one.
(2) 比较级程度状语的位置要放在比较级结构前, 常用的比较级程度状语有much, no, hardly, far, a lot, a little, still, ever, three times, probably, 40 percent 等
Film directors can take far greater liberties in dealing withconcepts of time and space than space directors can.
It has been calculated that the Earth’s circumference around the equator is over forty miles longer than that around the two poles.
(3) 下面这种句型的意思是“不比…多”或“不少于…”:
主语十谓语十no more/less十形容词/副词比较级十than十被比对象
是表达“相等”或“近似”的一种说法。
She is no less diligent than her classmates.
(4) 否定词十比较级
该句型的原意思是“再没有…比…更…”,也表示“”的概念。
There is nothing in the world more potent and more impotent than words.
(can/could not be/do more)
I couldn’t thank you more.
I couldn’t expect better than this.
(5) the more …, the more.: 表示“越…,越…”
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
The hotter the weather is, the more tired we feel.
The more he became wealthy, the less he felt satisfied.
(6) 少数形容词表示比较时, 用to不用连词than:
superior(优于),inferior(低于),senior(年长于),junior(年幼于)等词之后用 to,而不用than.
His strength is superior to mine.
My knowledge is inferior to his.
(7)比较级十名词十关系代词型的 “than”:
He has a better car than(= than the car which)he had before.(than在这里起关系代词的作用)
He has now better cars than(= than those that)belonged to him before.
He wants a more beautiful wife than(= than the wife whom)he married.
(8)Than= than what的情况:
She is older than(= than what)is supposed.
The situation is more serious than(= than what) is expected.
He is more cunning than we believe.(= than what we believe.)
He works harder than I expected.
3) 高级句型:the十形容词/副词高级十(名词)十范围词
(1)高级句型用于表示某一事物在一定范围内突出或某一动作达到高程度的句子, 一般要有一个表示范围的结构,它可以是: 单词、短语、从句、或“the十形容词/副词高级十(名词)十范围词”
It is the best book imaginable(or available, conceivable,possible,known).(形容词)
Jane is the tallest girl in the department of public relations.(介词短语)
Of all my students, Beth works hardest.(介词短语)
I am driving the best car that I can get. (从句)
提示:引导范围的介词,如果为同一范畴,用of, 否则用in。
(2)作定语用的形容词高级前如没有定冠词the,通常表示“非常”,“极端”,“特别”等意思。
He is a most intelligent student.
He is a man of greatest ability.
He received my gift with warmest thanks.
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